# Tirzepatide References: Full Citation List with DOIs and PubMed Links

> Tirzepatide references — the full list of peer-reviewed studies, FDA documents, and clinical-trial publications cited across this site, with DOIs and PubMed links.

## Sources cited across this site

Every quantitative claim on tirzepatide across this site links to one of the citations below. Sources are peer-reviewed publications, FDA-issued documents, and the NCBI StatPearls clinical reference. DOIs and PubMed URLs are provided for independent verification.

## References

[1] Coskun T, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018;18:3-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30473097/
[2] Willard FS, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020;5(17):e140532. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730231/
[3] Frias JP, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-2). N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):503-515. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34170647/
[4] Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35658024/
[5] Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-5). N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/
[6] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tirzepatide injection prescribing information. 2022 (T2D indication); updated 2023 (obesity indication). https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/215866s000lbl.pdf
[7] Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585056/
[8] Zeng Q, et al. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1214334. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908750/
[9] Aronne LJ, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024;331(1):38-48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38078870/
[10] Mishra R, et al. Tirzepatide-Induced Gastrointestinal Manifestations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e46091. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908927/
[11] Almansour HA, et al. Real-World Safety Concerns of Tirzepatide: A Retrospective Analysis of FAERS Data. Healthcare (Basel). 2025;13(18):2259. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41008391/
[12] Horn DB, et al. Tirzepatide for maintenance of bodyweight reduction in people with obesity in the USA (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42119587/
[13] Kunutsor SK, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A State-of-the-Art Review. Drugs. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41351656/
[14] Nassar M, et al. Decreased risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis with semaglutide and tirzepatide. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024;18(10):103116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39332263/
[15] Gong J, et al. Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with tirzepatide. J Diabetes Investig. 2025;16:e14340. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569606/
[16] Rasouli N, et al. Tirzepatide for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Without Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of SURPASS trials. Diabetes Ther. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40016573/
[17] Jalleh RJ, et al. Clinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39418085/
[18] Look M, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39996356/
[19] Batsis JA, et al. Effect of Incretin-Based and Nonpharmacologic Weight Loss on Body Composition. Ann Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41996180/
[20] Locatelli JC, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024;47(3):e44-e45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38687506/
[21] Berg S, et al. Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2025;26:e13929. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40186344/
[22] Horn DB, et al. Cardiometabolic Parameter Change by Weight Regain on Tirzepatide Withdrawal in Adults With Obesity. JAMA Intern Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41284285/
[23] Qazi S, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Healthcare (Basel). 2026;14(7):850. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41975852/
[24] Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists. Cureus. 2025;17:e92454. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41111833/
[25] Malhotra A, et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity (SURMOUNT-OSA). N Engl J Med. 2024;391(13):1193-1205. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38912654/
[26] Packer M, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity (SUMMIT). N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39555826/
[27] Loomba R, et al. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis (SYNERGY-NASH). N Engl J Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38856224/
[28] Campbell JE, et al. GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist therapies for diabetes and weight loss — chemistry, physiology, and clinical applications. Cell Metab. 2023;38(1):4-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37591245/
[29] Zhao L, et al. Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38819983/
[30] McGowan B, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults. Nat Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41039116/
[31] Urva S, et al. Effects of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of the Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022;61(11):1611-1619. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35674880/

---

Forward-looking summaries of the published tirzepatide trial record — evidence on the page, not advice in the room.