Tirzepatide Safe

Tirzepatide References: Full Citation List with DOIs and PubMed Links

Sources cited across this site

Every quantitative claim on tirzepatide across this site links to one of the citations below. Sources are peer-reviewed publications, FDA-issued documents, and the NCBI StatPearls clinical reference. DOIs and PubMed URLs are provided for independent verification.

  1. Coskun T, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018;18:3-14. ↗
  2. Willard FS, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020;5(17):e140532. ↗
  3. Frias JP, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-2). N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):503-515. ↗
  4. Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. ↗
  5. Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-5). N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗
  6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tirzepatide injection prescribing information. 2022 (T2D indication); updated 2023 (obesity indication). ↗
  7. Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. ↗
  8. Zeng Q, et al. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1214334. ↗
  9. Aronne LJ, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024;331(1):38-48. ↗
  10. Mishra R, et al. Tirzepatide-Induced Gastrointestinal Manifestations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e46091. ↗
  11. Almansour HA, et al. Real-World Safety Concerns of Tirzepatide: A Retrospective Analysis of FAERS Data. Healthcare (Basel). 2025;13(18):2259. ↗
  12. Horn DB, et al. Tirzepatide for maintenance of bodyweight reduction in people with obesity in the USA (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2026. ↗
  13. Kunutsor SK, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A State-of-the-Art Review. Drugs. 2026. ↗
  14. Nassar M, et al. Decreased risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis with semaglutide and tirzepatide. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024;18(10):103116. ↗
  15. Gong J, et al. Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with tirzepatide. J Diabetes Investig. 2025;16:e14340. ↗
  16. Rasouli N, et al. Tirzepatide for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Without Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of SURPASS trials. Diabetes Ther. 2025. ↗
  17. Jalleh RJ, et al. Clinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. ↗
  18. Look M, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. ↗
  19. Batsis JA, et al. Effect of Incretin-Based and Nonpharmacologic Weight Loss on Body Composition. Ann Intern Med. 2026. ↗
  20. Locatelli JC, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024;47(3):e44-e45. ↗
  21. Berg S, et al. Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2025;26:e13929. ↗
  22. Horn DB, et al. Cardiometabolic Parameter Change by Weight Regain on Tirzepatide Withdrawal in Adults With Obesity. JAMA Intern Med. 2025. ↗
  23. Qazi S, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Healthcare (Basel). 2026;14(7):850. ↗
  24. Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists. Cureus. 2025;17:e92454. ↗
  25. Malhotra A, et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity (SURMOUNT-OSA). N Engl J Med. 2024;391(13):1193-1205. ↗
  26. Packer M, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity (SUMMIT). N Engl J Med. 2025. ↗
  27. Loomba R, et al. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis (SYNERGY-NASH). N Engl J Med. 2024. ↗
  28. Campbell JE, et al. GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist therapies for diabetes and weight loss — chemistry, physiology, and clinical applications. Cell Metab. 2023;38(1):4-20. ↗
  29. Zhao L, et al. Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024. ↗
  30. McGowan B, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults. Nat Med. 2025. ↗
  31. Urva S, et al. Effects of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of the Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022;61(11):1611-1619. ↗